Patna Laboratory Supplies

Laboratory Indicators

List of common laboratory indicators with their properties and uses

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Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)

Appearance: Colorless liquid

Use: Used in vinegar and buffer solutions

Corrosive

Sodium acetate (C₂H₃NaO₂)

Appearance: White crystalline solid

Use: Used in food preservation and buffer systems

Generally safe

Citric acid (C₆H₈O₇)

Appearance: White crystalline powder

Use: Used as preservative and buffer systems

Corrosive

Ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH)

Appearance: Colorless liquid with pungent odor

Use: Used in buffer solutions and as a cleaning agent

Toxic

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)

Appearance: White crystalline powder

Use: Used in buffers, baking, and pH adjustment

Irritant

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Appearance: Colorless to light yellow liquid

Use: Used in titration and pH control

Corrosive

Potassium phosphate (K₃PO₄)

Appearance: White crystalline powder

Use: Used in buffers and fertilizers

Generally safe

Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris)

Appearance: White crystalline powder

Use: Common biological buffer

Toxic

Monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄)

Appearance: White powder

Use: Used in buffer solutions and food

Irritant

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)

Appearance: Oily, colorless to slightly yellow liquid

Use: pH adjustment and titration

Corrosive

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)

Appearance: White crystalline solid

Use: Used in buffer systems and agriculture

Generally safe

Phenol red

Appearance: Red crystalline powder

Use: pH indicator in cell culture

Toxic

Boric acid (H₃BO₃)

Appearance: White crystalline powder

Use: Used in buffers and antiseptics

Irritant

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Appearance: White solid or colorless solution

Use: Strong base used for neutralization

Corrosive

Potassium chloride (KCl)

Appearance: White crystalline powder

Use: Used in buffers and electrolytes

Generally safe

Lactic acid (C₃H₆O₃)

Appearance: Colorless to yellow syrupy liquid

Use: Used in food and buffer systems

Irritant

Formic acid (HCOOH)

Appearance: Colorless liquid with pungent odor

Use: Used in leather production and buffers

Toxic

Sodium citrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇)

Appearance: White crystalline powder

Use: Used in food and buffer systems

Generally safe

Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄)

Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid

Use: Used in pH adjustment and buffer making

Corrosive

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

Appearance: White powder

Use: Chelating agent and buffer component

Toxic

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)

Appearance: White powder or crystal

Use: Used in antacids and buffer systems

Generally safe

Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

Appearance: White solid

Use: Strong base used in buffer preparation

Corrosive

Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)

Appearance: Exists only in solution

Use: Component of natural buffer systems (blood, oceans)

Irritant